Launched by Benedict XVI in December 2012, the account is available in nine languages.

Since taking over the @Pontifex account, Francis's followers have grown steadily, especially in English, which has 11 million followers.

There are a further 13 million Spanish language followers.

Of all Twitter account holders, his tweets are said to be the most re-tweeted.

One of his most retweeted messages in the past few weeks is that of 30 June, which refers to Charlie Gard and other children who have serious illnesses. This tweet says:

"To defend human life, above all when it is wounded by illness, is a duty of love that God entrusts to all".

Speaking in relation to social media, Professor Paolo Peverini, who is a lecturer in semiotics at the LUISS Guido Carli University and consultant to the Vatican's Secretariat for Communication says:

"The Pope's ability to fuel public debate on complex issues is of great interest."

Peverini then moved on to comment about other social media Francis has adopted, saying:

"In my opinion, we should especially emphasise the growth that characterizes the Instagram account, @Franciscus, which involves young users.

This is the "capacity of Pope Francis to be 'heard' by users who a few years ago, may have been a bit distant from the Church.

Source

• Herald Malaysia Online
• Zenit
• Newsmax.com

On April 28, Pope Francis posted to his Twitter feed: "Iniquitas radix malorum."

In English this translates to "Inequality is the root of social evil".

The papal tweet came only days after French economist Thomas Picketty's bestseller "Capital in the Twenty-First Century?" sold out on Amazon.

Picketty posits that an unregulated free market creates an ever-widening wealth gap.

The papal tweet had nearly 10,000 retweets shortly after it was posted.

Writing for the Religion News Service, David Gibson noted that the papal tweet had drawn criticism from the libertarian, Catholic-run Acton Institute.

"Seriously, though, what was up with that tweet by @Pontifex? Has he traded the writings of Peter and Paul for Piketty?" tweeted the Acton Institute's Joe Carter.

"Hate and apathy are the roots of social evil," he added as a counterpoint.

"So, if we achieve maximum redistribution of resources, we will have eliminated ‘social evil' , whatever that is?" wrote Rod Dreher at the American Conservative.

"Yes, and that's why the Soviet Union was the Garden of Eden," Dreher added.

Gibson noted that Catholic Culture editor Phil Lawler called the Pope's tweet "a fairly radical statement" and as "a piece of economic analysis a very simplistic one".

Lawler added that Francis probably doesn't know what's going onto his Twitter feed anyway, and the Pope does not speak English.

"So we can be sure those aren't his exact words," Lawler said, echoing previous conservative efforts to downplay or explain away some of Francis' more provocative statements.

Yet Vatican officials have said that in fact Francis personally approves all of his tweets, and did so in this case as well, Gibson wrote.

Moreover, they noted that the tweet is taken directly from Francis' exhortation from last year, Evangelii Gaudium (see paragraph 202).

In his exhortation, Pope Francis attacking the "idolatry of money" and calling on politicians to guarantee all citizens "dignified work, education and healthcare".

Sources

• Huffington Post
• Religion News Service
• Evangelii Gaudium
• Image: salon.com

The first pope to have his own Twitter account, @Pontifex, Tweeted shortly before his departure from the Vatican: "Thank you for your love and support. May you always experience the joy that comes from putting Christ at the centre of your lives."

However that message was also deleted, leaving the standard Twitter message for someone who has a Twitter account and hasn't yet tweeted, "@Pontifex hasn't tweeted yet."

The name of the account has also changed from Pope Benedict XVI to "Sede Vacante," referring to the period when there is no pope.

For those who never had a chance to read his final tweet for themselves, and all his other tweets, they are available at the Twitter archive for BXVI.

Monsignor Paul Tighe, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, said Feb. 23 the Twitter account was created for the Pope's "exclusive use."

In a statement published by Vatican Radio, he said the account will be inactive during the interim "sede vacante" period between the Feb. 28 resignation of Pope Benedict and the election of a new Pope.

Many media outlets misinterpreted an earlier account from Vatican Radio and reported that the Vatican would be shutting down its ten-week-old effort on the social media site.

Source

• CNA

Twitter is a disruptive technology; it challenges, changes and threatens.

Introducing the pope to Twitter was always likely to involve some risk. But, however, we are told the Vatican understands the risk and remains hopeful the involvement on Twitter will work very well.

Even before he sent his first tweet, Benedict had hundreds of thousands of followers on Twitter, which he acknowledged, thanking his "friends" for their generous response and blessing them from his heart.

The Holy Father normally speaks to people of similar interest, e.g. to smaller hand-chosen groups, to listeners of his homilies, readers of his official documents and to the crowds who choose to join him as he addresses them from his rather remote balcony window.

From 1945 when he entered the seminary, Joseph Ratzinger's world has been the Church and such were his talents, not just the ordinary Church, the high Church, the intellectual Church, the diplomatic Church, the teaching Church. He has lived near and worked in the Vatican for at least 30 years.

@pontifex, Benedict's personal Twitter account, has now put him in direct contact with those in need of God's grace, the "great unwashed." He has joined us in the virtual world and is rubbing shoulders with us as we deal directly with real world issues.

Both favourable and highly offensive comments

From teaching and preaching, and engaging with the diplomatically respectful, Benedict's latest outreach means the remoteness of our world has quickly become proximate to him, and while Benedict was pleased to call his Twitter followers friends, the response he got was rather mixed.

Among the thousands of comments he was,

• told in effect to "go away,"
• confronted about child rape,
• called Satan,
• told no one cares about what he has to say, and
• challenged about the role of women in the Church.

Other responses included remarks expressing strong sexual overtones.

Not all the comments were so pointed,

• he was called a "dude,"
• another said he "friggin' rocked,"
• several people asked serious questions, and
• for the first time, people communicated easily, openly and directly with the pope, several asking him to pray for their specific needs.

Social media is a relatively new phenomenon. We are all learning how best to use it, and it seems things have not gone as smoothly as the Vatican might like.

Initially promising to respond reasonably frequently to some of those using the Twitter hashtag #askpontifex, the pope went quiet on Twitter, I'm told, even causing Marcus Lush on Radio Live to ponder perhaps whether the pontiff was unwell.

However as of Thursday morning the pope is back, but, sadly at this point, @pontifex no longer answers questions, rather just offers inspirational statements.

While getting one's question answered was a bit like winning the lottery, it at least kept a connection with us, his followers. Sadly, at least for now that has gone.

Sadly too for a while, the Vatican or the people at Twitter, seemed to be blocking messages in the conversation thread, and while some of these "conversations" were very offensive, others were more light-hearted. For example,

• Benedict was asked his opinion on the performance of MS Dhoni, the Indian cricket captain.
• Dean Marlett-Smith wanted to know whether in an emergency he might be able to use Twitter's Direct Message facility to get in touch for a quick confession.
• Understanding the pope was new to social media, one follower, Alan Swan, ventured to give the Holy Father some advice on his approach to the new medium, suggesting that he not get too heavy about God, saying that it would make people unfollow him. Instead, he suggested a few cat pictures would be useful.
• One follower also brought up @pontifix on his grammar, saying he thought that when referring to God using the pronoun "his" it more correct to use a capital H.
• Another, got theological and asked, "If God created the sun on the fourth day, how had four days passed?"
• While some 'character' has taken it upon themselves to create an @mrspontifex Twitter account, saying "@pontifex is so hard to buy for a Christmas. He just told me he wants world peace and an end of famine. I've got him socks."
• Responding to the Holy Father's request for any suggestion on how to be more prayerful when we're so busy with the demands of work, families and the world, Gareth Gwynn said, "Mate if you're struggling…."

It is a bold move by the 85-year-old pope and his advisors to move the pontiff beyond the remote Vatican walls into the world of electronic disposable comments.

However the Vatican is not the first institution to have undertaken bold social media campaigns, only to have their initial efforts perhaps backfire.

In an interview with Wired magazine, Claire Diaz-Ortiz, manager of social innovation at Twitter, who has been working with the Vatican on its social media strategy, acknowledged the Vatican's concerns and the importance of keeping the pope's persona intact.

"I think people forget some of the ways the Vatican has been innovative over the years. They were great about radio really early on despite many protests from people who said, "The Church shouldn't be on the radio, that's crazy!" Even though there might be some dissent in the Catholic community about whether the pope should be tweeting, I think the Vatican very clearly says yes," Diaz-Ortiz said.

The nature of social media is not one-way delivery but rather engagement, conversation and feedback; and so if @pontifex wants to embrace the new evangelization and outreach effectively in this way, @pontifex has to understand the disruptive nature of the medium and play by the rules.

The pope began using Twitter responding to people's questions asked in Twitter's public timeline, using the hashtag #askpontifex. The sheer number of questions makes it an impossible task to answer all of them, and despite the Vatican's optimism, will @pontifex continue engaging, joining in the conversation?

Here perhaps are a few considerations for the road ahead.

Keep the conversation going

These tentative first steps are likely to have been a mixture of initial excitement and then shock at what has been unleashed. However rather than shutting down the conversation, do the exact opposite.

Rather than simply following himself in other languages, @pontifex could start following others and encourage the Church to participate in and embrace the opportunity.

While recognizing the primacy of @pontifex, the Church is not just one man and encouraging Jesus' disciples to actively participate and join the conversation is surely a positive.

Increase the frequency

There was undoubtedly some shock at the initial feedback and questions @pontifex received. This presents an opportunity to respond with compassion, clarity and understanding.

Rather than decreasing the involvement or reverting to making inspirational statements, increase @pontifex's frequency and involvement in the conversation.

There is no going back. The opportunity is too great. Or as Luke puts, "Put out into the deep and set the nets for a catch" (Luke 5:4).

Answer a person's question directly

When answering questions, there is some confusion about whether @pontifex is asking and then answering his own questions. This prompted one correspondent to call @pontifex a "wee rascal," asking a question "that looked like a question, but really you were just telling us!"

So, when responding to a question, use the normal Twitter convention of responding to the actual question, rather than using the @pontifex persona to do both.

Doing so is more in line with the Twitter convention and makes the question and answer much more authentic.

Tweet for re-tweeting

The Vatican says it hopes people will re-tweet the pope's tweets.

The maximum number of characters in a tweet is 140, so to get maximum value from re-tweets, recommended practice is to respond with 70-80 characters, far fewer than the 140-character maximum.

Learn from others

Finally, if it is the case that the Vatican is not too happy with its first efforts at introducing @pontifex to social media, it is not the first institution to have undertaken bold social media campaigns, only to have their idea perhaps backfire.

The Vatican already has Claire Diaz-Ortiz from Twitter working with them. However it is perhaps also an opportunity to also look outside the Vatican for case studies, where other organizations or businesses have initially floundered in their first attempt at outreach and conversing using social media, and see how they turned things around.

All this said, this step into the world of disposable real-world comments has enormous implications for the Vatican, and it has me pondering once again the significance of Marshall McLuhan's observation, the "medium is the message."

- John Murphy is a Marist priest working in digital media at the Marist Internet Ministry, New Zealand.

An earlier version of this article also appeared in ucanews.com

He made his Twitter debut on December 12 to his more than a million followers.

The Pope's first tweet, just one character short of the 140 maximum, was: "Dear friends, I am pleased to get in touch with you through Twitter. Thank you for your generous response. I bless all of you from my heart."

In English alone, the first tweet was re-tweeted 43,000 times in the first seven hours.

That tweet went viral as the number of followers of his handle @Pontifex and its seven other language extensions grew by more than 5000 new people an hour.

The pope later personally answered three questions from three different continents that were culled from tens of thousands of queries and comments tagged with the #askPontifex hashtag.

The first question was "How can we celebrate the Year of Faith better in our daily lives?" The Pope replied: "By speaking with Jesus in prayer, listening to what he tells you in the Gospel and looking for him in those in need."

The secretary of the Vatican's social communications council, Monsignor Paul Tighe, the idea of launching the first papal tweets in a question-and-answer format was meant to encourage other people to reach out and engage the world online.

"We're hoping other Catholics might engage with some of the questions," he said.

Monsignor Tighe said his office is using the image of the farmer sowing the seed to reflect on the Twitter initiative.

"In sharing the Word of the Gospel, we know that it will touch the hearts of people, maybe in the most unlikely context and settings," he said.

Even though the Pope won't be physically sending the tweets, the messages "are pearls of wisdom coming from the heart of the Pope's teaching and coming from his own mind and ideas", he said

The handle "Pontifex" was chosen because it means "pope and bridge builder", said media adviser Greg Burke.

Sources:

Vatican Information Service

Catholic News Agency

Catholic News Service

Image: The Guardian