A new reformation for the 21st century must transcend "the current forms and boundaries of Christianity," resist simplistic answers to contemporary challenges and contribute to uniting into ‘One Body' all of humanity, together with all of creation.

On the second day of The Lutheran World Federation (LWF) Thirteenth Assembly in Kraków, Poland, keynote speaker Monsignor Tomáš Halík urged participants from across the global Lutheran communion to be "witnesses to the ongoing resurrection of the Giver of Hope,".

They could do this by working for a spiritual renewal that goes beyond national, religious, social or cultural boundaries, he said.

Ecclesia semper reformanda

In his keynote address to delegates attending the 13 to 19 September Assembly, Halík recalled that the Church must be "ever reforming, […] especially in times of great change and crisis in our common world."

Reformation is necessary, he said, "where form hinders content, where it inhibits the dynamism of the living core."

Looking back to the Lutheran and Catholic Reformations of the 16th century, he noted that they "renewed and deepened Christianity, but they also divided it."

The 20th century, he said, "saw the beginning of two great parallel reformations - the global expansion of Pentecostal Christianity and the Second Vatican Council," marking the Catholic Church's transition from "confessional closedness […] to universal ecumenical openness."

But the ecumenism of the 21st century, he continued, must go much further than the ecumenism of the previous one.

Just as St Paul had the courage to lead "Christianity out of the narrow confines of one of the Jewish sects and into the broader ecumene" during "the first reformation," Halík said, Christianity today has a role.

Christianity today needs "to transcend existing mental and institutional, confessional, cultural and social boundaries in order to fulfil its universal mission."

Faith and critical thinking

Reflecting on the "constant struggle between grace and sin, faith and unbelief, waged in every human heart," he called for an "honest dialogue" between believers and unbelievers living together in pluralistic societies.

"Faith and critical thinking need each other," he insisted, adding that a "mature faith can live with the open questions of the time and resist the temptation of the too-simple answers offered by dangerous contemporary ideologies."

Turning to questions of religious identity, he noted that "populists, nationalists and religious fundamentalists exploit this fear [of identity loss] for their own power and economic interests."

They exploit it, he said, "in the same way that the fear for the salvation of one's soul was exploited when indulgences were for sale" in Luther's days.

Comparing Luther to the Catholic mystics of that era, he said, "I am convinced that Luther's theology of the cross needs to be renewed, rethought and deepened today."

Part of the new reformation or "new evangelization," Halík said, "is also a transformation of the way of mission. We cannot approach others as arrogant possessors of truth."

The goal of mission, he reflected, "is not to recruit new church members, to squeeze them into the existing mental and institutional boundaries of our churches but to go beyond" to create a "mutually enriching dialogue" with those of other beliefs and none.

Reconciliation and spiritual discernment

In central and eastern Europe, Halík said, where countries suffered "the dark night of communist persecution," Churches have an important role to play in the process of reconciliation.

"Democracy cannot be established and sustained merely by changing political and economic conditions" he warned, but instead requires "a certain moral and spiritual climate."

Halík also warned that Churches that become corrupted by political regimes deprive themselves of a future. "When the Church enters into culture wars with its secular environment, it always comes out of them defeated and deformed."

The alternative to culture wars, he noted, "is not conformity and cheap accommodation, but a culture of spiritual discernment."

A renewed and newly understood Christian spirituality, he concluded, "can make a significant contribution to the spiritual culture of humanity today, even far beyond the churches." Read more

• Tomáš Halík served as advisor to Václav Havel, the first Czech president following the fall of the Berlin wall and the end of the Cold War. A professor of sociology and head of the Religious Studies Department at Prague's Charles University, he is also the recipient of numerous awards for his work to promote human rights, religious freedom and interfaith dialogue.

On the 491st anniversary of the Augsburg Confession, the pope held an audience with members of the Lutheran World Federation in the Vatican.

In his address to the representatives, Pope Francis took note of the anniversary and thanked the delegation for coming to Rome "to foster our unity."

"It will be important to examine with spiritual and theological humility the circumstances that led to the divisions. Although it is impossible to undo the sad events of the past, it is possible to reinterpret them as part of a reconciled history," said the pope as he welcomed the LWF delegation to the library of the Apostolic Palace.

Nigerian Archbishop Panti Filibus Musa, president of the LWF, told Pope Francis that 2021 "is marked by one of those difficult memories: the 500 years of the excommunication of Martin Luther."

"We cannot change history, but we can retell it in a way that it carries the promise of a better future. Thus it becomes our story of reconciliation. Sharing the Lord's Supper together is also bearing the burdens of all those who have lost everything," the archbishop told the pope.

The solidarity shared at the altar "shapes who we are and ought to become: a people who, seeing the transfigured face of Christ, walk into the valley to see Christ in the disfigured faces of the exploited, the hungry and the poor. In this journey, we become fully church, together. Let us act together now, deepening into visible solidarity our union in prayer."

Pope Francis described the five centuries of Catholic-Lutheran division as a "journey from conflict to communion."

He encouraged Lutherans and Catholics to persevere in dialogue to achieve greater unity among members of the body of Christ.

The pope continued reflecting on the theme of Christ's "one body", which he said we have wounded with our divisions.

"When we are pained by divisions between Christians," he said, "we draw close to Jesus' own experience of seeing His disciples still disunited, His tunic rent."

Pope Francis added that we experience the Lord's passion by not being able to share the same altar, even though we are filled with enthusiasm in pray for Christian unity.

Sources

Catholic News

Vatican News