In his 'First Things' magazine article, conservative prelate and canon lawyer Thomas Paprocki (pictured) cites an unnamed cardinal's views on how the Church should minister to LGBTQ people and divorced and remarried Catholics.

While he doesn't name Cardinal Robert McElroy, Paprocki quotes directly from a 24 January article the cardinal wrote for America magazine.

In it, McElroy called for a Church that favours "radical inclusion" of everyone, regardless of circumstances and conformance with Church doctrine.

To back his views, Paprocki's essay cites several passages in the Code of Canon Law and draws on the Catechism of the Catholic Church and St Pope John Paul II's Ad Tuendam Fidem ("To Protect the Faith").

Pointing to these, he said anyone who denies "settled Catholic teaching" on issues like homosexuality and "embraces heresy" is automatically excommunicated from the Church.

The pope has the authority and the obligation to remove a heretical cardinal from office, or dismiss outright from the clerical state, Paprocki wrote.

Referencing McElroy's critique of "a theology of eucharistic coherence that multiplies barriers to the grace and gift of the eucharist," Paprocki claimed: "Unfortunately, it is not uncommon today to hear Catholic leaders affirm unorthodox views that, not too long ago, would have been espoused only by heretics."

Although McElroy and Paprocki were both available for comment, in a 28 February interview Paprocki said he did not intend to single out a particular cardinal for criticism. Rather, he "intended the discussion to be more rhetorical.

"I think the reason I did this is because this debate has become so public at this point that it seems to have passed beyond the point of just some private conversations between bishops."

The bishop's explanation struck some observers as disingenuous.

Jesuit Fr Tom Reese, a journalist who has covered the US bishops for decades, says Paprocki's essay reflects deep divisions in the US Catholic hierarchy, plus a level of public animosity, open disagreement and strident rhetoric among bishops.

Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI would not have tolerated it, he says.

"On the other hand, there wouldn't have been this kind of discussion under John Paul II because the Vatican would have shut it down.

"Francis has opened the Church up for discussion again and [conservative bishops] just don't like it. They're trying to shut it down by using this kind of inflammatory rhetoric, even against cardinals," Reese said.

Cathleen Kaveny, a law and theology professor, says Paprocki "should know better as a canon lawyer" than to accuse someone of heresy - which is a formal charge.

Paprocki is running together statements and teachings of different levels of authority in the Church and claiming any disagreement amounts to heresy. "And that's just false," Kaveny says.

"The underlying question ... is whether development in church doctrine can take place.

"I would recommend people read John Henry Newman on that, and look at the history of the church's teaching on usury while they're at it."

Source

• NCR Online

In a recent pastoral letter, Bishop Thomas Paprocki of Springfield emphasised that devotion to the Eucharist is central to faith.

Bishop Paprocki directed that "tabernacles that were formerly in the centre of the sanctuary, but have been moved, are to be returned as soon as possible to the centre of the sanctuary in accord with the original architectural design".

In other instances, tabernacles that are not in the centre of the sanctuary, but are in a visible, prominent and noble place, can stay where they are.

But tabernacles that are not in a "visible, prominent and noble" place have to be placed in the centre of the sanctuary, Bishop Paprocki directed.

These directions are so that people can spend more time in adoration and in the presence of the eucharistic Lord.

Bishop Paprocki wrote that proper celebration of the liturgy is "the key to fostering the active participation of the People of God in divine worship".

So he strongly encouraged serious attention to religious art and architecture, sacred music, and reverent celebration.

In 2009, Fort Wayne-South Bend Bishop John D'Arcy decreed that in churches where the tabernacle is not centrally located, a consultation should begin to determine how to do so.

He issued the norms to end controversy over the placement of tabernacles.

Bishop D'Arcy said the Eucharist should always be "a means of unity and communion and never of division".

The post-conciliar "Instruction on the Worship of the Eucharist" recommended the Blessed Sacrament be reserved in a prominent location suitable for private prayer and devotion.

It also recommended that the tabernacle be placed in a chapel distinct from the middle or central part of the church.

This is especially in those churches where marriages and funerals take place frequently and which are much visited by the public.

But the instruction left it to local bishops to decide where tabernacles should go, as long as the place is worthy and properly equipped.

Sources

• Catholic World News
• Catholic News Agency
• Catholic.com
• Fr Z's blog
• Image: Advocates of Life

Bishop Blair says that since the assessment has been completed he "can only marvel at what is now being said, both within and outside the Church, regarding the process and the recent steps taken by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) to remedy significant and longstanding doctrinal problems connected with the activities and programs of the LCWR".

He concludes, though, that he is "confident ... that if the serious concerns of the CDF are accurately represented and discussed among all the sisters of our country, there will indeed be an opening to a new and positive relationship between women religious and the Church's pastors in doctrinal matters ..."

• Read Bishop Leonard Blair's article
• Image: Southern Fried Catholicism